The Chakravyuha formation, also known as the circular or wheel formation, is a strategic military formation described in the Mahabharata. It plays a crucial role during the Kurukshetra War when the Kauravas employ it as a defensive strategy to counter the Pandava forces. Here is an overview of the Chakravyuha formation:
Formation Concept:
The Chakravyuha is a complex circular formation that resembles a wheel. It is designed to trap the enemy within its concentric circles, making it challenging for the opposing forces to penetrate or escape.
Entrance and Exit Knowledge:
The Chakravyuha is not easy to navigate, and knowledge of both entering and exiting the formation is crucial. While entering requires specific knowledge, exiting the formation is often more challenging, making it an effective defensive strategy.
Arjuna’s Knowledge:
Arjuna, one of the Pandava princes, possessed the knowledge of how to penetrate the Chakravyuha, having learned it from his father, Indra. This knowledge becomes significant during the war.
Abhimanyu’s Exploit:
Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna, had heard the strategy of entering the Chakravyuha while still in his mother Subhadra’s womb. Unfortunately, he only knew how to enter it and not how to exit. During the war, on the thirteenth day, Abhimanyu entered the Chakravyuha alone, displaying extraordinary skill and bravery.
Trapped Within:
Abhimanyu successfully penetrated the Chakravyuha, wreaking havoc within its ranks. However, he found himself isolated and surrounded by multiple Kaurava warriors, including Dronacharya, Karna, and others, who attacked him simultaneously.
Heroic Stand and Death:
Abhimanyu fought valiantly, displaying incredible combat skills. Despite his bravery, he was ultimately overpowered and killed by multiple warriors attacking him simultaneously, in violation of the rules of fair combat.
Impact on the War:
Abhimanyu’s death had a profound impact on the morale of the Pandava forces. His loss was a turning point in the Kurukshetra War and intensified the enmity between the two sides.
The Chakravyuha episode is a tragic and heroic part of the Mahabharata, highlighting the complexities and ethical dilemmas of warfare. Abhimanyu’s sacrifice is remembered as an exemplary display of courage and valor in the face of overwhelming odds.